| 21/9/1795 | Engagement of Napoleon Bonaparte and Désirée Clary. Napoleon's brother Joseph Married Julie Clary on 01/08/1794 and Napoleon was engaged to her sister Désirée. She moved to Genoa with her family to escape the French revolution and after Napoleon met Joséphine de Beauharnais he decided to end the engagement. |
| 5/10/1795 | Napoleon Bonaparte suppresses the uprising in Paris. The people had risen against the new constitution. Barras appointed Bonaparte as commander of the troops in Paris. With the uses of canons Napoleon managed to prevent that the people stormed the Tuileries. The National Convention honoured him as their saviour. |
| 9/2/1796 | The engagement of Napoleon Bonaparte and Joséphine de Beauharnais is made public [Beauharnais, Joséphine de] |
| 2/3/1796 | Napoleon is appointed Command in chief of the Army of Italy by the Directoire. The directoire was dominated by Paul Barras at that time. [Barras, Paul, vicomte de] |
| 9/3/1796 | Napoleon Bonaparte marries Joséphine de Beauharnais [Beauharnais, Joséphine de] |
| 10/4/1796 | Start of Napoleon's successful campaign in Italy. He would defeat the Austrians several times, conquer Lombardia and force several favourable treaties in Italian states. |
| 10/5/1796 | Napoleon I defeats the Austrians at Lodi. After that he surrounded Milan. |
| 15/5/1796 | Napoleon I enters Milan |
| 19/6/1796 | Napoleon I enters Bologna |
| 5/8/1796 | Battle of Castiglione: Napoleon defeats Wurmser |
| 8/9/1796 | First Battle of Balsano: Napoleon defeats Wurmser. This was the last battle of Napoleon before he would be defeated for the first time during the Second Battle of Bassano. |
| 6/11/1796 | Second Battle of Bassano: Napoleon is defeated by József Alvinczi. It was the first tactical defeat for Napoleon. |
| 2/2/1797 | Mantua surrenders to Napoleon |
| 4/5/1798 | Napoleon leaves Paris for the Middle East. His wife Joséphine accompanied him. [Beauharnais, Joséphine de] |
| 9/5/1798 | Napoleon embarks on the admiral's ship L'Orient. He embarked for Egypt. His wife Joséphine cried all the way to Toulon because she didn't want to go and finally Bonaparte decided to leave her in France. [Beauharnais, Joséphine de] |
| 0/9/1798 | Napoleon sees Pauline Fourès and is impressed. He gave order to find out who she was and managed to make her his mistress. For this purpose he sent her husband to Paris without her. The affair comes at a good moment because his prestige has suffered from the infidelity of his own wife Joséphine. [Beauharnais, Joséphine de][Fourès, Pauline] |
| 9/11/1799 | Coup d'État by Napoleon I. He brought down the directoire government and became First Consul himself. |
| 14/7/1800 | La Grassini sings at the Église des Invalides. She was the lover of Napoleon and he had arranged her performance. |
| 26/5/1805 | Napoleon crowned to King of Italy at the Duomo di Milano. The archbishop Giovanni Battista Caprara blessed the Iron Crown of Lombardy before Napoleon placed it on his own head. |
| 2/12/1805 | Battle of Austerlitz. also known as the Battle of the Three Emperors. Napoleon beats Alexander I of Russia and Franz I of Austria. the battle was fought near the town of Austerlitz. Napoleon's win ended the War of the Third Coalition and resulted in the Treaty of Pressburg. [Lannes, Jean, Duc de Montebello] |
| 27/12/1805 | Napoleon declares the king of Naples to be deposed. At Schönbrunn he signed a decret that stated "The Bourbon dynasty in Naples had ceased to reign". |
| 0/4/1806 | A Dutch delegation talks to Louis Napoleon Bonaparte. The delegation was led by admiral Ver Huell and was instructed to aks Napoleon to maintain the Batavian Republic. But Napoleon wanted to make his brother Louis king of Holland. He refused to meet the delegation and ordered them to negotiate with his unwilling brother. The negotiations succeeded after Ver Huell, the leader of the delegation and a supporter of Napoleon, mediated succesfully. On 5 May 1806 Napoleon appointed his brother King of Holland. [Ver Huell, Carel Hendrik] |
| 20/11/1806 | Napoleon receives Johannes von Müller for an audience. Müller had been a proponent of military action against France, but he accepted the German defeat in 1806. On Napoleon's instigation Von Müller became Minister of State of the Kingdom of Westphalia in 1807. |
| 31/12/1806 | Napoleon hears of the birth of his son, Léon Denuelle. He was in Pulstick in Poland when he heard that his mistress Eléonore Denuelle had given birth to a son on 13 Dec. He was full of joy because now he realised that he was able to have children. [Denuelle, Eléonore] |
| 6/7/1807 | Queen Luise of Prussia meets Napoleon in Tilsit. Their meeting took place at the house of Justice Commisioner Ernst Ludwig Siehr in Tilsit, where Napoleon lived during the peace negotiations. Luise had expected to meet a monster but she met a highly intelligent man who chatted pleasantly. She asked him for a measured approach to the peace terms and he answered her vaguely. After he asked her how the Prussians could be so careless as to attack him she answered "The frame of Frederick the Great deceived us about our means". The interview ended former mutual insults but she did not obtain any consessions from Napoleon. [Luise von Mecklenburg-Strelitz, königin von Preussen] |
| 21/11/1807 | Napoleon arrives in Milan. On the following day he was present at a Te Deum in the Duomo in Milan, later reviewing troops and visiting the Princess Augusta de Bavière, Vicereine of Italy and wife of Eugène.
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| 4/1/1808 | David presents to Napoleon the final version of his painting of Napoleon's coronation. Napoleon was very pleased with the result. [David, Jacques-Louis] |
| 2/10/1808 | Goethe on audience with Napoleon at the palace in Erfurt. It was the first meeting between the two and Christoph Wieland was with him. Talleyrand, Berthier and Savary were there as well. When he was first invited in 1806 Goethe had excused himself for health reasons and during Napoleon's second visit to Weimar, Goethe was in Karlsbad. Napoleon spoke to Goethe about "Die Leiden des jüngen Wethers" and Goethe observed that the emperor knew it very well. [Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von][Wieland, Christoph Martin] |
| 6/10/1808 | Goethe meets Napoleon during the Court Ball in Weimar. It was their second meeting, after Napoleon had received him and Wieland in Erfurt four days before. Wieland was also there on this occasion. Napoleon invited Goethe to come to Paris to write a Caesar tragedy. In his opinion there was no good work yet on this subject. On 14 Oct 1808 Goethe received the Légion d'Honneur. [Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von][Wieland, Christoph Martin] |
| 17/4/1809 | Napoleon suddeny appears at Donauworth. He came to take command of the army and he led an advancd to Landshut. |
| 13/5/1809 | French troops enter Vienna. They were under command of general Oudinot who would soon be promoted to marshall. It was the second time that French troops entered Vienna, Napoleon himself had been there in 1805. |
| 30/11/1809 | Napoleon tells Joséphine that he wants to divorce her. She had been unable to provide him with a son. After he told her she fainted and was carried to her chambers by Napoleon and Bausset. [Beauharnais, Joséphine de] |
| 15/12/1809 | Napoleon divorces Joséphine de Beauharnais. On this date they both agreed to the dissolve their civil marriage. They signed the declaration in Napoleon's chambers at the Palais des Tuileries. Madame Mère, Louis, Jerome, Murat, Eugène, Julie, Hortense, Catherine, Pauline and Caroline were all present. The Roman Catholic marriage was annulled on 9 Jan 1810. [Beauharnais, Joséphine de] |
| 7/2/1810 | Marriage contract between Napoleon and Marie Louise signed in Paris [Marie Louise, Empress of France, Duchess of Parma] |
| 27/2/1810 | Napoleon informs the Senate that he will marry Marie Louise of Austria [Marie Louise, Empress of France, Duchess of Parma] |
| 11/3/1810 | Marriage ceremony Marie Louise in Vienna. Napoleon was not in Vienna and was represented by Archduke Karl. [Marie Louise, Empress of France, Duchess of Parma] |
| 16/3/1810 | Louis Napoleon gives up Dutch territories to France. His brother Napoleon forced him to give up Brabant, Zeeland, the Land van Maas en Waal and the city of Mijmegen to France. |
| 25/5/1810 | Napoleon is crowned King of Italy in Milan |
| 10/7/1810 | The Kingdom of Holland becomes part of France immediately by an imperial decree [Beauharnais, Hortense de] |
| 5/11/1810 | Louis Napoleon Bonaparte is baptised at the Palace of Fontainebleau. Napoleon I served as his godfather and empress Marie Louise as his godmother. His father, who lived separated from his mother Hortense, stayed away. [Marie Louise, Empress of France, Duchess of Parma][Napoleon III Bonaparte] |
| 7/9/1812 | Battle of Borodino: Napoleon defeats Kutusov. The armies consisted both of circa 130,000 men. The French army was slightly larger. Kutusov was assisted by Prince Pyotr Bagration and Barclay de Tolly. Napoleon brought Eugène de Beauharnais, Ney and Davout. The battle was intense and pieces of land changed hands several times. Eugène de Beauharnais managed to occupy Borodino. The French lost 30,000 men and the Russians probably even more. But the French victory wasn't decisive because the French failed to destroy the Russian army. [Beauharnais, Eugène Rose de, Duke of Leuchtenberg][Davout, Louis-Nicholas, Duke of Auerstädt][Murat, Joachim, king of Naples][Ney, Michel, Duc d’Elchingen, Prince de la Moskowa] |
| 15/12/1812 | Napoleon passes through Weimar on his way back from Russia. It happened during the night and he sent his greetings to Goethe. [Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von] |
| 20/5/1813 | Battle of Bautzen: Napoleon defeats Russia and Prussia. A Prusso-russian army was driven back by Napoleon but it escapted destruction. The battle took place from 20 to 21 May. It was not the decisive victory that Napoleon had hoped for. His friend General Geraud Duroc was wounded mortually on the day after the battle. [Ney, Michel, Duc d’Elchingen, Prince de la Moskowa] |
| 1/2/1814 | The Bourbons promise liberal policies in a proclamation. Louis XVIII and Charles X were still in England. But Napoleon's regime was close to collapsing and they tried to win the support of the French people. [Charles X, King of France] |
| 0/4/1814 | Metternich asks for a separation of Napoleon I and Marie Louise. He wanted to separate her from Napoleon who was banished to Elba, She was offered Parma, Piacenza and Guastalla by the Congress of Vienna. [Marie Louise, Empress of France, Duchess of Parma] |
| 6/4/1814 | Napoleon abdicates at Fontainebleau. He received Elba as kingdom. On the same day it was determined that 'Louis de France, frère du dernier roi' would receive the throne of France. |
| 16/4/1814 | The Treaty of Fontainebleau is ratified. Napoleon was sent to Elba with a substantial pension and the throne of France would be returned to Louis XVIII. |
| 25/4/1814 | Napoleon is almost lynched at Orgon. He was on his way to Elba with a small escort and when he passed the village of Orgon near Avonon the crowds pressed against the windows of his carriage and abused him. He promptly used the Austrian commissioner's cloak to avoid recognition. When he returned to France in the spring of 1815 he avoided the Provence on his way to Paris. |
| 3/5/1814 | Napoleon embarks at Elba. He thought the island was a bit small. His wish that Marie-Louise would join him wasn't fulfilled and she would enter into an affair with count Neipperg later that year. He was visited by Maria Walewska and their son Alexandre. [Walewska, Maria ] |
| 24/9/1814 | Marie Louise and Count Neipperg become lovers. Count Adam Albert von Neipperg accompanied Marie Louise on a journey to Aix-les-Bains when Napoleon was at Elba. Forced by bad weather they had to spend the night at the inn "Die Goldene Sonne" at Küssnacht and during the night they became lovers. It is believed that Marie Louise had been after him for a while and Neipperg didn't resist. [Marie Louise, Empress of France, Duchess of Parma][Neipperg, Adam Albert, Count von] |
| 29/3/1815 | Wellngton leaves the Congress of Vienna. During the Congress, Napoleon had returned to France. Napoleon promised a liberal rule and promised not to be a danger to Europe. But the Congress decided that he should be removed from power again. Wellington left for Brussels to take command of the allied army. [Wellington, Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of] |
| 11/5/1815 | Napoleon appoints Marshall Soult chief of staff. Sould had resigned as Minister of War under the Bourbons after Napoleon returned to France and declared himself a Bonapartist. |
| 30/7/1815 | Napoleon is told that he will be banished to St. Helena. Admiral Keith told him this. Everybody had expected that the former emperor would be treated with respect so this came as a surprise. |
| 25/7/1818 | Napoleon's physician O'Meara leaves St. Helena. He had become physician to Napoleon shortly after the Battle of Waterloo. After a conflict with Hudson Lowe he was forced to leave the island. |
| 17/2/1852 | President Louis Napoleon declares August 15 a national day for France. It was the birthday of Napoleon I and it became the only national day off in France. [Napoleon III Bonaparte] |
| 2/4/1861 | Napoleon I's remains are transferred to the crypt at the Dôme des Invalides in Paris. Before that he was buried at the chapel of Saint-Jérôme at Les Invalides after his remains were returned from St. Helena in 1840. Napoleon III and empress Eugénie looked over the balcony from above. [Napoleon III Bonaparte] |
| 15/5/1865 | Inauguration of the statue of Napoleon I in Ajaccio. Prince Jerome Napoleon Bonaparte gave a careless speech that was censured afterwards by Napoleon III on 23 May 1865. [Napoleon III Bonaparte] |
