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 The tomb of Charles X of France at the Monastero di Castagnevizza in Nova Gorica. Picture by Androom (26 Aug 2022) |
Charles X, King of France |
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BORN 9 Oct 1757, Versailles, Yvelines - DIED 6 Nov 1836, Görz (now Nova Gorica, Slovenia) CAUSE OF DEATH cholera GRAVE LOCATION Nova Gorica: Monastero di Castagnevizza, Skrabceva ulica |
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Charles X was a younger brother of Louis XVI and Louis XVIII. He was a son of the Dauphin Louis (1729-1765) and his wife Maria Josefa of Saxony. Louis XV was his grandfather. His mother died when he was nine years old. In 1773 he married Marie Thérèse of Savoy and in 1775 they had a son, Louis Antoine. But his wife was not very attractive and he had affairs with Anne Victoire Dervieux and others. Later Louise de Polastron became his long time lover. He was also a close friend of Marie-Antoinette and even falsely accused of seducing her. After the storming of the Bastille he fled to his wife's native country Savoy. From Turin he moved to Trier. He had plans to invade France and he moved on to Koblenz. After the French Revolution broke out he fled to Great Britain where he lived in Edinburgh and London with Louise de Polastron. In 1814 he left London to join the forces that fought against Napoleon. After Napoleon's abdication he was regent for a short time until his brother Louis XVIII returned to France. Charles disapproved of the relatively liberal politics of his brother. On 14 February 1820 his younger son the Duke of Berry was murdered at the Paris Opera. In 1824 Louis XVIII died and Charles became king. He started his reign with some liberal measures, but he put the government in the hands of the ultraroyalists. He was not popular in Paris and in 1830 he hoped to increase the popularity of his government by sending a military expedition to Algeria against Algerian pirates. After elections on 23 June 1830 were unfavourable to the government, he and his ministers decided to suspend the constitution on 6 July 1830. After that he censored the press, resulting in protests and chaos. He refused to seek a compromise and on 31 July he wanted to retreat to Versailles, but he was told it was not safe for him there. On 2 August 1830 Charles abdicated in favour of his grandson Henri, Duke of Bordeaux. On 16 August he fled to England with his family. For a while he resided at Lulworth Castle in Dorset, but he was soon relocated to Holyrood Palace in Edinburgh. In 1832 he moved to Prague and in 1835 to Teplitz and then Gorizia. There he died from cholera in 1836. Related persons • was painted by Genod, Michel-Philibert • employed Isabey, Jean Baptiste • was painted by Kucharsky, Alexander • was painted by Lefèvre, Robert • was opponent of Thiers, Adolphe Events |
| 27/8/1791 | Declaration of Pillnitz in support of Louis XVI. The conference was held in Pillnitz between Holy Roman Emperor Leopold II and Friedirch Wilhelm II of Prussia. The Count of Artois (the future Charles X of France) was also present in Pillnitz. On 27 August the Declaration of Pillnitz was issued in which support was declated for king Louis XVI against the French Revolution. As a result of this conference. France declared War on Prussia and the Roman Holy Empire. [Friedrich Wilhelm II, König von Preussen] |
| 2/10/1795 | Charles, Count of Artois lands on the Isle of Yeu. It was only defende by 75 soldiers and taken easily. After this became known twenty departments rose against the Republic. But Charles didn't date to invade France and returned to England after two months. The rebellion was crushed. |
| 1/2/1814 | The Bourbons promise liberal policies in a proclamation. Louis XVIII and Charles X were still in England. But Napoleon's regime was close to collapsing and they tried to win the support of the French people. [Napoleon I Bonaparte] |
| 12/4/1814 | Charles, Count of Artois accepts power in France in the name of his brother Louis XVIII |
| 23/4/1814 | Charles, Count of Artois signs an armistice with the allies |
| 9/3/1815 | Napoleon leaves Grenoble and arrives at Bourgoin. On the same day the Comte d'Artois tried to rally the French soldiers in Lyon but he failed to do so with his proclamation to the army. [Napoleon I Bonaparte] |
| 19/3/1815 | Louis XVIII flees from Paris to Lille. After Napoleon's landing in France, he had tried to placate the people with liberal proclamations. However, the behavior of the old nobles and clergy, led by his brother Charles of Artois, had caused too much bad blood. He fled during the night of March 19 to 20 to Lille. It was not easy to lift him into his carriage given his weight and because he was gouty. Because the ganirson in Lille seemed hostile they continued to Ghent in Belgium. [Napoleon I Bonaparte] |
| 29/5/1825 | Charles X is crowned in Reim. It happened according to the ceremonies of the ancien régime. |
| 19/3/1830 | Charles X threatens the French parliament in an unfortunate speech. He was not particularly keen on a constitutional monarchy and threatened to dismiss parliament if it did not blindly obey him. Parliament refused to comply and was dissolved. The June elections were very unfavorable for the government, but because Algiers had just been conquered, Charles saw a bright future. The opposition won 220 seats to the government's 150. |
| 25/7/1830 | Charles X immediately sends the newly elected parliament home. The opposition had won 220 seats to the government's 150. The new parliament (elected in June) had not yet convened. Charles announced new elections for September and abolished press freedom. |
| 27/7/1830 | The French people in Paris revolt against Charles X |
| 30/7/1830 | Charles X flees to Rambouillet. He does this in the evening, after he has heard that his guard has been defeated. |
| 2/8/1830 | King Charles X of France abdicates. His son Louis Antoine, Duke of Angoulême renounced his rights 20 minutes later in favour of Henri, Duke of Bordeaux. [Henri, Duke of Bordeaux and Count of Chambord] |
| 16/8/1830 | Charles X flees with his family to England. After some time he will settle in Holyrood Palace in Scotland. |
| 24/8/1830 | Charles X arrives at Lulworth Castle, near Weymouth. The Catholic Sir Thomas Weld offered it to him as a place to stay after his flight from France. |
| 0/10/1832 | Charles X arrives in Prague. The Austrian Emperor Francis II had made his palace Hradschin in Prague available to him as a residence. |
| Images |
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The tomb of Charles X of France at the Monastero di Castagnevizza in Nova Gorica. Picture by Androom (26 Aug 2022) |
Sources • Die Grosse Dynastien, Südwest Verlag, München, 1978 • Lucas-Dubreton, J., Le Comte d'Artois Charles X, Le Prince, l'Emigré, Le Roi, Hachette, Paris, 1927 • Oosthoek's Geillustreerde Encyclopædie, Oosthoek, Utrecht, 1925 • Winkler Prins Encyclopedie (editie 1909), 1909 • Charles X - Wikipedia (EN) • Declaration of Pillnitz - Wikipedia (EN) • Henri - Wikipedia (EN) • Treaty of Paris (1814) - Wikipedia (EN) • Expédition de l'île d'Yeu - Wikipédia (FR) |
